경제 및 경영 논문 번역 서비스

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In this study, authors attempted to discuss altruism in economics from biological and psychological perspectives. However, their attempt is claimed to be superficial due to the reasons below.

Biological and psychological aspects of economics can be discussed as follows:
First, unlike in biology, the underlying process that causes altruistic behavior has not been defined in economics, and this can be explained by the lack of gene concept in economics.

In biology, genes are either stable or unstable: genetic stability is known to determine the life span, reproduction and the accuracy of gene cloning, However, mutations and evolution are associated with genetic instability. As a result, altruism is deemed to have stability and instability properties. However, altruism models used in economics do not include any concepts of genetic replication. This fact signifies that altruistic behavior will remain unchanged once they are firmly established. That is, although economics deal with human economic behavior, genetic concepts cannot be employed to explain it. Therefore, it is impossible for economists to identify the cause of altruistic behavior when formulating altruism models and to admit the possibility that human behavior can be changed.

Secondly, psychological aspects of economics can be analyzed as follows: Altruism in economics can be discussed from psychological perspective, which focuses on motivational factors rather than behavioral factors. Some researchers have claimed that the aspects of human motivation cannot be explained with biological theory. Such a claim has arisen from the two phenomena: The first phenomenon involves identifying a common motivational cause of altruistic behavior from different types of human motivation based on the theory that human mind is not composed of one-dimensional variable such as pleasure. Sen's theory represents a main idea in this kind of claim. According to Sen, it is important to establish a hierarchy of various motivations to enrich the discussion on altruism.

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감수자-정확성:번역의 명확성을 개선하기 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정함 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정함 감수자-누락:누락 된 부분을 추가 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정 감수자-정확성:번역의 정확성을 개선하기 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정

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감수자-정확성:번역의 명확성을 개선하기 위해 수정 원어민 에디터-명료성:명료성 개선을 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정함 원어민 에디터-관사:이 경우 문장에 정관사를 사용해야하기 때문에 문법적인 정확성 개선을 위해 수정됨 원어민 에디터-명료성:명료성 개선을 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정함 원어민 에디터-간결성:간결성 개선을 위해 수정 원어민 에디터-명료성:명료성 개선과 더욱 적합한 단어 사용을 위해 수정 원어민 에디터-간결성:간결성 개선을 위해 수정 감수자-누락:누락 된 부분을 추가 원어민 에디터-주어와 동사의 일치:문법적 정확성을 위해 수정. "it"이 단수 취급되는 " altruistic behavior"를 의미하므로 주어와 동사의 일치를 위해 수정됨 원어민 에디터-주어와 동사의 일치:주어와 동사의 일치를 위해 수정 원어민 에디터-명료성:명료성과 가독성 개선을 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정 원어민 에디터-단어 선택:학술적인 단어 사용 및 일관성을 위해 수정 원어민 에디터-대문자:대문자 사용의 정확성 개선을 위해 수정됨 원어민 에디터-관사문법적 정확성의 개선을 위해 수정. 이 문장에서는 하나의 관점을 의미하기 때문에 부정관사를 사용 원어민 에디터-관사:이 경우 문장에 정관사를 사용해야 하기 때문에 문법적인 정확성 개선을 위해 수정됨 원어민 에디터-관사:이 경우 부정관사를 사용해야 하기 때문에 문법적인 정확성 개선을 위해 수정됨 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정 감수자-정확성:번역의 정확성을 개선하기 위해 수정 감수자-오역:오역 된 부분을 수정

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This study attempts to discuss altruism in economics from biological and psychological perspectives. However, this attempt is claimed to be superficial.

Biological and psychological aspects of economics can be discussed as follows:
First, unlike in biology, the underlying process that causes altruistic behavior has not been defined in economics. This can be explained by the lack of the gene concept in economics. Biology emphasizes the stability of genes as they are related to the life span and reproduction and the accuracy of gene cloning. However, mutations and evolution are also simultaneously associated with genetic instability. Therefore, altruism is considered to possess both stability and instability properties. However, altruism models in economics do not include any genetic replication concepts. This fact signifies that altruistic behavior in economics will remain unchanged once it is firmly established. That is, although economics deals with human economic behavior, genetic concepts cannot be employed to explain it. Therefore, it is impossible that economists will be able to identify the cause of altruistic behavior when formulating altruism models and admit the possibility that human behavior can be changed.

Second, psychological aspects of economics can be analyzed as follows: altruism in economics can be discussed from a psychological perspective, which focuses on motivational factors rather than behavioral factors. Some researchers have claimed that the aspects of human motivation cannot be explained with biological theory. This discussion proceeds in two directions. One direction involves locating the motivation of altruism. This reflects the fact that the human mental state, as claimed by many authors, is not composed of a one-dimensional variable such as pleasure. Sen’s theory is a representative of these discussions. He argues that a diverse motivational hierarchy should be established to enrich the altruistic discussion.